
Being at a campus as large as N.C. State, chances are you’ll have to do a good bit of walking in your daily commute to classes. For some disabled students and faculty, walking is easier said than done.
Assistant Professor Greg Sawicki, Postdoctoral Research Scholar Dominic Farris, and others at the Human PoWeR laboratory at N.C. State are working to make walking more comfortable and efficient for the impaired.
The ‘PoWeR’ in Human Power stands for Physiology of Wearable Robotics, and their laboratory is currently developing mechanic “exoskeletons” that can be worn on one’s legs to do much of the work necessary to walk efficiently. The Labs have developed several prototype exoskeletons, all focused primarily on improving the function of the ankle.
“One of the overarching goals of the laboratory is to build assistive devices,” Farris said. Farris says these mechanical ‘exoskeletons’ could potentially have two major applications. Their primary goal is to help people with impaired, imbalanced, and asymmetrical walking gaits, such as those who have suffered strokes, or spinal cord injuries.

Farris doing science.
The Human PoWeR labs are working on providing devices to assist impaired patients with improving their walking gait, but the Labs also recognize the more tragic side of reality.
“Some people will never recover,” Farris said. And for those people, another type of exoskeleton would be required– one whose purpose is for long-term sustainment rather than rehabilitation.
An early prototype of the exoskeleton features a pneumatic ‘ankle’. The prototype is made from molded carbon fiber, and works by sending a bout of compressed air to the mechanic joint to induce movement.
Another prototype of the exoskeleton features a spring that acts as a calf muscle.
The Human PoWeR labs aren’t the first to develop exoskeletons – in fact, several different types already exist. Farris says the problem with many of the other exoskeletons is that they
“Some of [the other exoskeletons] look quite amazing on the face of it, but they all require a source of power – large batteries…some are even gas powered.” The extra components required to power those exoskeletons create a lot of extra weight – and for every bit of weight you have, the less efficient the exoskeleton becomes.
Powerless Power

Don't worry; this is just a prototype. Stylish options including the sassy diamond-studded hot-pink model is currently in-production.
Farris says that the labs are trying to make the exoskeletons more lightweight and practical by removing all power sources. There is no external power, no motors – everything is completely mechanical and powered by the wearer. Instead, the latest prototype is powered by a spring-and-clutch mechanism. In the same way that your Achilles tendon uses your body weight to store energy, the fully-mechanical exoskeleton can be used to store the body’s natural energy instead of relying upon an external power source.
When you walk with the exoskeleton on, you lean into the spring to store energy – the same energy is released when you complete your step. Though the labs are working for light, practical, wearable robotics, the prototype Farris showed off in his laboratory still looked clunky and cumbersome.
Another application the PoWeR lab’s exoskeleton could have in the future is a military application. For soldiers who do not have an impaired gait or other walking disability, the exoskeletons could be used to prevent wear and tear on the natural skeleton to improve a soldier’s future heath.
The Human PoWeR labs have come a long way from their inception a year and a half ago, but they still have a long way to go until their prototypes become reality. Even though the Human PoWeR laboratory is currently focused on lower-limb function, one of the goals of this center is to involve other fields in their research to better serve the world.
“For example, stroke patients are affected all the way down their body, not just their legs – there are a lot of things you want to do with your arms as well,” Farris said. “Hopefully our lab will be shared with other specialists who can assist in things like that.”
Testing? Testing? 1…2…3…
Exoskeleton prototypes just don’t pop out of a researcher’s head and onto a drawing board without a little work. The Technician was invited into a testing session last Friday where the Human PoWeR lab got to show off all of their shiny gadgets.
Motion Capture

It's watching you. Lol just kidding, it doesn't have eyes; it's just tracking all of your movements.
In order to build an exoskeleton capable of mimicking the human gait, the researchers at the Human PoWeR labs had to actually figure out how the body works.
There are several motion-capture cameras hanging from the ceiling at the laboratory, which are all normally focused on the treadmill at the center of the lab. Little ping-pong ball-shaped sensors are attached to a person’s legs to monitor them in action.
Metabolic Cart

Breathe in here. For scienc
Measure the amount of oxygen a person uses while running or walking on the treadmill. From there, researchers can calculate the relative amount of energy that person uses, and thereby how difficult the task is.
Ultrasound
Researchers use an ultrasound machine to look at the muscles in a person’s leg as they use the treadmill. According to John Miller, one of the undergraduates leading the test, they are monitoring the muscles in the leg to figure out which muscles are the most important to the human gait.
High-Tech Treadmill

The treadmill at the centerpiece of the lab, and it’s not your standard gym equipment. The treadmill features a force-sensor which measures the amount of force being put on any part of the treadmill at any given time. The treadmill can also be inclined, which helps researchers examine what it is like to walk on different types of terrain.